The CEMAC Region

Overview of The Central Bank and Regional Banking

The Bank of Central African States (BEAC; Banque des États de l’Afrique Centrale) serves as the regulatory authority for the six-member states of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC; Communauté Économique des États de l’Afrique Centrale): Cameroon, Chad, the Central African Republic (CAR), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of Congo. The region collectively houses 54 banks, with financial systems varying significantly in sophistication

The central bank has made significant strides toward financial inclusion and digital transformation through its focus on modernizing payment systems and improving interoperability across the region. While BEAC has demonstrated an increasing interest in digital financial advancements and introduced initiatives to strengthen regional financial stability, it has not introduced a dedicated regulatory framework for open banking.  Instead, the focus has been on facilitating mobile money adoption and addressing foundational challenges such as financial access, trust, and infrastructure development.

The lack of an open banking framework presents an opportunity for CEMAC countries to leapfrog traditional banking challenges. By implementing structured data-sharing policies, BEAC could encourage collaboration among financial institutions, boost competition, and foster economic growth through inclusive financial services. Additionally, existing mobile money platforms could serve as a foundation for broader digital financial integration.

If open banking were to be adopted through a regulatory led approach, the BEAC is likely to play a significant role in regulating and standardizing its implementation across the six states, ensuring consistent application and facilitating cross-border financial activities.

Country-Specific Developments

Cameroon

With the most developed financial sector in CEMAC, Cameroon holds the majority of the region’s bank accounts. However, like the rest of the region, it lacks specific open banking frameworks. Mobile money platforms, including MTN MoMo, Orange Money, the digital financial ecosystem, making the country well-positioned for eventual open banking adoption once a regulatory framework is introduced.

Chad

Chad’s banking penetration is among the lowest in the region, with a heavy reliance on cash and only 7% of the population having access to formal financial services. Banking services are largely inaccessible outside urban areas, causing them to resort to informal financial systems such as hawala or loan sharks. 

While BEAC reforms aim to increase financial inclusion, Chad faces significant infrastructure challenges, which could delay the adoption of open banking. The National Financial Inclusion Strategy (2019-2024) aims to address these gaps, but infrastructure constraints remain a significant barrier to progress.

Central African Republic (CAR)

CAR is among the least developed financial sectors in the region, with a rudimentary banking system limited in size and available services. It has prevalent challenges including political instability, underdeveloped financial systems, and limited digital infrastructure. For now, BEAC’s efforts are focused on stabilizing the financial system rather than implementing new frameworks.

Equatorial Guinea

Dominated by a hydrocarbon economy, Equatorial Guinea’s financial system has seen limited digital transformation. Open banking is not currently on the agenda, as efforts are centered on expanding mobile money services and integrating the digital financial ecosystem through BEAC reforms.

Gabon

Gabon has a relatively sophisticated banking sector compared to its neighbors. The country dominated by a relatively small but sound banking sector that focuses squarely on the formal sector. Gabon has embraced digital innovation, in line with BEAC’s goals, offering potential for early adoption of data-sharing frameworks in the near future.

Republic of Congo

The Republic of Congo shares the region’s challenges of low banking penetration and reliance on cash transactions. The banking sector is highly concentrated and lags behind regional peers. Growth and innovation within the sector appear most salient in mobile money services, driven by regional telecom operators. While digital payments show promise, significant infrastructure upgrades will be needed before open banking can be realized.

Challenges to Open Banking in the Region

  • Regulatory Gaps: The absence of open banking regulations limits the potential for structured API-driven collaboration among financial institutions.
  • Infrastructure Limitations: Limited internet penetration and outdated banking technologies hinder progress in most member states.
  • Low Financial Literacy: Consumers’ reliance on cash and mistrust of formal banking systems complicates the introduction of data-sharing frameworks. Consumer education on digital banking should be prioritized if open banking’s potential is to be realized in the CEMAC region.
  • Trust and Cybersecurity Concerns: Without robust frameworks for data protection, building trust among consumers and financial institutions will remain a hurdle
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Opportunities for Open Banking

  • Mobile Money Integration: Existing platforms such as MTN MoMo, Airtel Money, and others offer a foundation for extending financial services and introducing data-sharing practices.
  • Unified Regulatory Framework: The BEAC’s central leadership has the potential to harmonize policies across member states, enabling cross-border payment systems and fostering financial inclusion regionally.
  • Financial Inclusion: Open banking could also bring financial services to underserved populations by leveraging on the existing mobile and digital platforms. The innovation encourages competition by allowing financial service providers to develop services tailored to the needs of the region’s unbanked population.

Looking Ahead

The adoption of open banking in the CEMAC region will depend on the central bank’s ability to overcome regulatory, infrastructural, and trust barriers. While open banking is still a distant reality, the groundwork laid by BEAC’s efforts to promote financial inclusion and digital payments could facilitate its eventual adoption. Each member state faces unique challenges, but a unified approach under BEAC’s guidance could offer significant opportunities for modernization and economic integration.

Check back soon for further updates on BEAC’s initiatives and country-specific advancements.

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